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Brothertown Indians
The Brothertown Indians (also ''Brotherton''), located in Wisconsin, are a Native American tribe formed in the early nineteenth century from communities of several Pequot and Mohegan (Algonquian-speaking) tribes of southern New England and eastern Long Island, New York.〔"(Brothertown Indians )"〕〔(Brothertown History, Life in New York ), Indian Country〕 In the 1780s after the American Revolutionary War, they migrated from New England into New York state, where they accepted land from the Iroquois Oneida Nation in Oneida County.
Under pressure from the United States government, the Brothertown Indians, together with the Stockbridge-Munsee and some Oneida, removed to Wisconsin in the 1830s, taking ships through the Great Lakes. In 1839 they were the first tribe of Native Americans in the United States to accept United States citizenship and have their communal land allocated to individual households, in order to prevent another removal further west. Most of the Oneida and many of the Delaware were relocated to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma).
Seeking to regain recognition, the Brothertown Indians filed a documented petition in 2005. The Bureau of Indian Affairs notified the tribe in 2009 in a preliminary finding that they had not satisfied all seven criteria. In addition, the BIA said that the Department of Interior had reinterpreted a 1993 ruling, and determined that the 1839 act granting the Brothertown United States citizenship and allotting their communal reservation land to individual households terminated the people as a sovereign tribe. In September 2012, in the final determination on the Brothertown petition, the acting Assistant Secretary determined that the group previously had a relationship with the United States, but had its tribal status terminated by the 1839 act. Because Brothertown could not satisfy one of the seven mandatory criteria for federal acknowledgment, the Department did not look to the other criteria in making its final determination. The acting Assistant Secretary noted that only Congress may restore the tribal status of Brothertown and its government-to-government relationship with the United States.〔http://www.bia.gov/cs/groups/public/documents/text/idc-021437.pdf〕 The Brothertown Indians are continuing to pursue federal recognition.
It is one of eleven tribes listed in Wisconsin and the only one which is not federally recognized.〔 The tribe is estimated to have over 4000 members as of 2013.
==History==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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